careful

careful of, careful for

这组短语意思并不同:careful of的意思是“注意”,指由于某种原因如利害关系或责任而加以注意; careful for的意思是“关心”,指由于关心挂念而表示关注。试比较:

He is careful for her prospects.

他关注她的前途。

He is careful of her prospects.

他注意她的前途。

careful, attentive, cautious, precautious

这组形容词都有“细心的”“谨慎的”意思。它们的区别在于:

1.careful修饰具有动作概念的名词时,可译为“细致的”“精心的”,含有靠认真实践来避免错误的意味。例如:

One can never be too careful in his work.工作越细心越好。

She was careful enough to find this mistake of mine.她相当仔细,发现了我的这一差错。

2.attentive指为了理解或改变事物而采取“注意的”或“聚精会神”的态度,有时含有谦恭有礼的意味。例如:

Please be more attentive to your studies.请多用点儿心读书。

A speaker likes to have an attentive audience.演讲者喜欢聚精会神的听众。

She was very attentive to her sick sister.她非常关心生病的妹妹。

3.cautious指对待某事物时,要仔细考虑各种可能性,所持的态度是“细心的”“谨慎的”,含有要避免危险、谨慎留意、以防出现差错的意味。例如:

The students are cautious not to make any mistakes in spelling.学生们在拼写时非常小心。

He is a cautious driver.他开车很谨慎。

Papa, intensely cautious, never made a decision lightly.爸爸非常谨慎小心,从来不轻易作出决定。

She was cautious of strangers.她对陌生人很戒备。

4.precautious指对待某事物是“有防备的”“戒备的”“警惕的”,尤指社会场合的谨慎,除非对知己者,否则不愿对他人谈及自己的个人问题,也指担心出差错而事先做好各种防范准备。例如:

He was precautious in crossing the rickety bridge.走过这座摇摇晃晃的桥时他小心翼翼。

careful，cautious，attentive，prudent

这些形容词都含有“小心的，谨慎的”之意。

careful侧重做事谨慎、留心，特别注意一些细节地方。

cautious着重考虑事情的后果，谨慎留意，防止出差错。

attentive指认真地注意地倾听别人的意见，留心别人的需要等。

prudent指遇事审慎，思考计划周密，不贸然行事。